In Yoga philosophy (particularly Patanjali's Yoga Sutras), Vikaras (विकार) refer to mental modifications or disturbances that arise from the fluctuations of the mind (Chitta Vrittis). These are obstacles on the path of spiritual growth and self-realization.
The 5 Main Vikaras (Mental Afflictions/Kleshas)
According to Patanjali's Yoga Sutras (2.3), the five Kleshas (afflictions) are:
Avidya (अविद्या) – Ignorance
The root of all suffering; misunderstanding the true nature of reality.
Leads to false identification with the ego (Asmita).
Asmita (अस्मिता) – Egoism
False identification with the body, mind, and personal identity ("I am this body, my thoughts, my emotions").
Raga (राग) – Attachment
Craving for pleasurable experiences, leading to dependency and suffering when unfulfilled.
Dvesha (द्वेष) – Aversion
Hatred, resistance, or avoidance of unpleasant experiences.
Abhinivesha (अभिनिवेश) – Fear of Death/Clinging to Life
The deep-seated survival instinct, fear of loss, and attachment to the physical body.
Other Vikaras (Mental Disturbances) in Yoga & Samkhya
Beyond the 5 Kleshas, other Vikaras (distortions) include:
Kama (काम) – Lust/Desire
Krodha (क्रोध) – Anger
Lobha (लोभ) – Greed
Moha (मोह) – Delusion/Infatuation
Mada (मद) – Pride/Arrogance
Matsarya (मात्सर्य) – Jealousy/Envy
These are considered derivatives of the 5 main Kleshas and create further mental agitation.
How to Overcome Vikaras (Yogic Path)
Meditation (Dhyana) – Calms the mind.
Self-Inquiry (Jnana Yoga) – Dispels ignorance (Avidya).
Detachment (Vairagya) – Reduces Raga & Dvesha.
Pranayama & Asanas – Purifies the body-mind.
Devotion (Bhakti Yoga) – Surrenders ego (Asmita).